Hetian jade culture and mining volume

In ancient times, Hetian jade was called "Jade of Kunlun", "Jade of Saishan", "Jade of Jade", "Jade of Zhongshan", "Jade of Jade", "Kunyu", "Zhengyu" and so on. Hetian jade has developed and utilized the "Silk Road" of Chinese and Western culture for more than 7,000 years. Its predecessor was the "Jade Road" that transported Hetian jade, which is more than 4,400 years earlier than the "Silk Road".

When Qin Shihuang unified China, Hetian jade was called "the jade of Kunshan" because it was produced in Kunlun Mountain. Later, it was called "Yuta Yu" because it was located in Yutian. It was not until the establishment of Hetian Zhilizhou in the 9th year of Qing Guangxu (AD 1883) that it was officially named "Hetian jade".

The earliest Hetian jade artifact

It is recognized by the academic community as jade articles from the women's tombs excavated at the Yinxu site in Anyang, Henan (the late Shang Dynasty from about the 13th century to the beginning of the 12th century), and in fact appeared in the Xinglongyu Cultural Site of Aohan Banner in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. Dozens of jade articles at the Chahai Cultural Site in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, are mostly Hetian jade, dating from 7000-8000 years ago.

和田玉

Hetian jade generation

From the beginning of Xia, Shang and Zhou, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, in the history of more than 4,000 years of writing, Hetian jade produced a total of 9,968 tons, with an average annual output of 2.5 tons. Among them, during the 1900s of Xia, Shang, Zhou, Chunqiu and Warring States, a total of 3,800 tons of Hetian jade were collected, with an average annual output of 2 tons;

In the 810 years of the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, a total of 1,215 tons of Hetian jade was collected, with an average annual output of 1.5 tons. During the 699 years of the Tang, Tang and Song Dynasties, a total of 1,957 tons of Hetian jade were collected, with an average annual output of 2.8. In the 438 years of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, a total of 1496 tons of Hetian jade was collected, with an average annual output of 3.4 tons. In the 295 years of the Qing Dynasty, a total of 1,500 tons of Hetian jade was collected, with an average annual output of 5 tons; after the founding of New China, from 1957 By 1995, a total of 9459 tons of Hetian jade were collected, which is close to the total of all the mining quantities in the past 4,000 years.

Twirl stone jade around the world

There are more than 120 tremolite deposits in the world, distributed in more than 20 countries and regions (such as Russia, the United States, Brazil, Canada, Australia, Poland, New Zealand, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan, etc., of which Canada's production is the world's number Two), but these deposits belong to serpentinite type tremolite jade (mainly jasper, Russia, South Korea, North Korea produce white jade), but only Hetian jade in Xinjiang belongs to non-serpentine rock due to extremely special geological formation. The type of tremolite stone jade is one of the important reasons why Hetian jade is highly sought after.

Hetian jade's toughness actually exceeds steel

Hetian jade is extremely tough, and its compressive strength can exceed steel, which is a fact that people can hardly imagine. According to scientific tests, the compressive strength of medium carbon steel (mainly used for making heavy machinery shafts, gears, machine tool spindles, bench tools, etc.) is 1600 kg/cm 2 , and Hetian jade has a compressive strength of up to 6541 kg / Square centimeter, which is related to the felt structure of Hetian jade.

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Mining after liberation

After the founding of New China, the Xinjiang Hetian jade production area established a public-private joint jade purchase station. After the 1960s, it was changed to state-run and began to use explosives mining. The annual output is 30 to 40 tons, but the quality is poor, and the utilization rate is less than half. According to the information of the Central People's Broadcasting Station's "Family Areas" program, the output of Hetian jade in 1981 was 74 tons, an increase of 1.28 times over 1980. Since the 1990s, an average of 120 to 150 tons per year has been mined.

In the era of unified purchase and marketing, Hetian jade is closely related to the grade and weight. For example, Hetian jade seed material is the best product, the weight of the block should be more than 6 kg, the first grade is more than 3 kg, the second grade is more than 1 kg; the Hetian Yushan material is more than 10 kg, and the first grade is 5 kg. the above.

In 1999, the National Ministry of Geology and Minerals and the China Gemstone Association jointly launched the National Stone Awards. The results were selected in the past four years. Hetian Yu was named "China National Stone" by the China Gemstone Association.

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