The odor generated by the HC Shuicheng Industrial Sewage Treatment Plant during operation is roughly characterized by fish odor, ammonia odor, carrion odor, rotten egg odor, rotten scent, manure odor and special odor of some production wastewater. The odor treatment methods include direct incineration, catalyst oxidation, acid-base cleaning, odor oxidation, chemical reaction, activated carbon physical adsorption, biological deodorization, and soil deodorization. Several deodorization methods are described in detail below. 1. Soil deodorization 1.1, principle and characteristics The soil layer is used as a carrier, and when the exhaust gas having the malodorous substance passes through the soil layer pair in the biological filter bed, the adsorption of the odorous substance by the upper soil and the biochemical reaction of the microorganism in the soil cause the odorous substance to be decomposed and destroyed. Deodorization soil deodorization mechanism can be mainly divided into physical adsorption and biodegradation. Water-soluble malodorous gases (such as amines, hydrogen sulfide, lower fatty acids, etc.) are absorbed by soil moisture, while non-soluble odors are removed by soil surface. Physical adsorption is then broken down by microorganisms in the soil. The soil deodorization method is characterized by: 1) The maintenance and management costs are low, and the deodorizing effect is equivalent to that of activated carbon; 2) occupying a large area, the treatment area is 2.5-3.3m2/m3 gas; 3) It is not suitable for heavy rainy and snowy areas, and must be pretreated for gases such as high temperature, high humidity and watery dust. 1.2, design parameters The soil index selected for deodorization of soil is better to use humus soil. Laterites such as clay should be mixed with chicken manure, garbage and sludge fertilizer for improvement. Mineral soil and clay should not be used. The soil moisture is preferably 40%-70%. Water sprinklers are required for soil that is too dry. The surface of the soil on which the lawn is planted remains tilted as a measure to prevent rainstorms. Through several soil deodorization beds at home and abroad, the odor through the soil speed is 2-17mm / s, the design is generally 5mm / s effective soil thickness is 50cm, odor and soil contact time is 100s. 2, chemical reaction deodorization 2.1, chlorination and deodorization The mechanism of this method is to use the sterilization and disinfection action of chlorine gas to remove organic matter in water and kill algae; disinfect the water body to maintain a certain amount of residual chlorine to ensure the sterilization effect. The odor is controlled by adding chlorine to the inlet pipe network for pre-disinfection. 2.2, H2O2 control foul odor The mechanism of controlling foul odor by using H2O2 is that under the pH condition of urban sewage, the following reaction occurs between H2O2 and H2S, and finally produces elemental sulfur and water: H2O2+H2S-S+2H2O The actual efficiency of this reaction is governed by a number of factors, the most important of which are the effective reaction time and the duration of the response, with optimum times of 5-20 min and 1-2 h, respectively. Experimental studies have shown that the actual dosage of the drug when operating under optimal conditions is close to the theoretical calculation. The residual H2O2 in the sewage will eventually be decomposed into water and oxygen, and will not form some harmful substances with the organic matter. This is confirmed by monitoring the dissolved oxygen content in the water. The stoichiometric relationship between the dissolved oxygen in the water and the excess H2O2 follows: 1 g of H2O2 will produce 0.5 g of dissolved oxygen. Editor in charge: Tong Zhiwei 2.3. The effect of pilot treatment on a sewage treatment plant The sewage treatment plant is a secondary treatment plant with a processing capacity of approximately 164*104 m3/d. The plant uses measures to enhance primary sedimentation (FeCl3 and anionic polymers) to maximize BOD removal. Studies have shown that there are two main sources of sulfides in pretreatment structures: NORs and NCOs collection systems (H2S inflows per system account for 45% of the total load of the treatment plant). The concentration of liquid sulfide in the system is about 2.5-4.5mg/L when the climate is mild, and the concentration of sulfide entering the pre-treatment structure scrubber is about 125-200mg/L. The chemical dosage point and its residence time are shown in Figure 1. The results show that the concentration of H2S entering the primary sink scrubber is reduced by 50%-90%, depending on the proportion of the drug. After adding H2O2, the environmental odor is greatly reduced, and the oxygen transmission rate in the secondary treatment facilities is also significantly increased. In addition, the treatment effect is more ideal when H2O2 and FeCl3 are simultaneously added. The main reason is that on the one hand, iron ions have a catalytic effect on S---H2O2 reaction and increase the removal rate of sulfide; on the other hand, H2O2 makes FeCl3 in an oxidized state, thereby improving the flocculation effect. The amount of H2O2 and FeCl3 used is reduced by 25%-50%, mainly due to the removal of part of the sulfide, thereby reducing its precipitation of iron ions. In the future, we can conduct more in-depth research on the synergy generated by simultaneous additions. 3, biological / activated carbon adsorption deodorization 3.1, working principle and packing selection Biological deodorization principle The biological deodorization is deodorized by the action of microorganisms on the specific surface area of ​​the carrier filler under suitable conditions. The odorous substance is first absorbed by the filler, and then oxidatively decomposed by the microorganism attached to the filler to complete the deodorization process. In order to maintain high activity of the microorganism, it is necessary Create a good living environment, such as: suitable humidity, pH, oxygen content, temperature and nutrients. The actual production design requires that the relative humidity of the carrier filler be maintained at 80%-95%, so it is necessary to spray the raw water or the primary sedimentation tank to provide water nutrition. Filler selection The most important part of the biodeodorization tower is the filler. A good carrier filler must satisfy: the variety of microorganisms allowed to grow, provide a large specific surface area for the growth of microorganisms, reasonable nutrient composition (N, P, K and trace elements), good water absorption, no odor It has good adsorption, uniform structure, large void ratio, easy availability of materials and low price, anti-aging, simple operation and maintenance. Commonly used fillers are: plastic, semi-soft plastic, dry bark, hay, fibrous peat or mixtures thereof. The stacking height of the deodorizer packing depends on the required residence time and surface loading. The height of the packing on the project is generally 1.0-1.2m. If the selected filler is suitable, the process can achieve uniform gas distribution and eliminate airflow short circuit, the minimum can be 0.5m. 3.2 Activated carbon adsorption deodorization Principle: the malodorous gas is passed through the activated carbon layer and removed by physical adsorption; Applicable substances: hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan (ammonia and ammonium). 4, high energy ion deodorization The high-energy ion purification system is a high-tech in Sweden. It can effectively remove bacteria from the air and inhale harmful substances such as particulate matter and sulfide. The core device of the BENTAX ion air purification system works as follows: the ion generation in the room The device emits high-energy positive and negative ions, which are in contact with organic volatile gas molecules (VOC) in the indoor air, and open the chemical bonds of the VOC molecules to decompose them into CO2 and H2O (the same decomposition effect on H2S and NH3). The ions emitted by the ion generating device collide with the air dust particles and the solid particles, which are the polymerization of the particles, and the larger particles formed are settled by their own gravity to achieve the purpose of purification; the emitted ions can also interact with the static electricity and odor in the room. It acts effectively, at the same time effectively destroys the living environment of bacteria in the air, reduces the concentration of bacteria in the room, and completely eliminates it. High-energy ion purification systems are mainly used in hospitals, offices, public halls, etc. in Europe. In recent years, they have been gradually applied to the deodorization of sewage plants and sewage lift pumps. There are many application examples in France, Britain, Scotland, Sweden and other countries. Editor in charge: Tong Zhiwei
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